Great Indian Bustard and Phosphate Rock Mine

Why in News?

• • EAC approved EIA for Birmania Rock Phosphate Mine in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan.
  • Mine lies in potential habitat of the Great Indian Bustard (GIB).
  • Great Indian Bustard (GIB)
  • Range: Rajasthan (Thar Desert), Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh.

Status:

• • IUCN: Critically Endangered
  • WPA 1972: Schedule I
  • CITES: Appendix I
  • Ecological Role: Keystone species, indicator of grassland health

Threats:

• • Habitat loss (mining, wind turbines, infra projects)
  • Power line collisions (~18 deaths/yr – WII, 2020)
  • Pesticide exposure, hunting, tourism disturbance
  • Very low reproductive rate
  • Conservation: National Bustard Recovery Plan (till 2033), WII-led, CAMPA-funded; ~140 GIB left (2024).

Phosphate Rock

• • What: Sedimentary rock rich in phosphorus, vital for fertilizers.
  • Global Reserves: Morocco (largest), Africa, N. America, Kazakhstan, Middle East.
  • India: Rajasthan & Madhya Pradesh → but 90% import dependent.