8 march 2025 Current Affairs

MeitY Launches AIKosha and Other Initiatives

Syllabus: GS3/Science & Technology; Awareness in the Field of IT

Context

The Union Minister for Electronics & Information Technology has unveiled a series of AI-driven initiatives under the IndiaAI Mission, marking a significant advancement in India’s artificial intelligence landscape. These initiatives aim to democratize AI access, promote research-driven innovation, and position India as a global AI leader.

Key AI Initiatives Launched

AIKosha (IndiaAI Datasets Platform)

A secured AI repository designed to facilitate AI innovation by providing:

300+ datasets and 80+ AI models for diverse applications.
An AI sandbox environment integrated with development tools, an IDE, and tutorials.
Datasets include contributions from 2011 Census data, Indian satellite imagery, Open Governance Data, health records, and environmental data.

IndiaAI Compute Portal

A platform offering discounted AI compute, network, storage, and cloud services to startups, MSMEs, researchers, students, and government agencies.

Eligible users can receive up to 40% subsidy on cloud AI compute services.
Supports high-performance GPUs, including NVIDIA H100, H200, A100, AMD MI300x, Intel Gaudi 2, and AWS Tranium.

AI Competency Framework for Public Sector Officials

A structured framework to equip government officials with essential AI-related skills.

iGOT-AI: Personalized AI Learning

An AI-powered content recommendation system on the iGOT Karmayogi platform, designed to enhance AI literacy among government officials.

IndiaAI Startup Financing

IndiaAI Startups Global Acceleration Program in collaboration with STATION F (Paris) and HEC Paris.
A four-month accelerator program supporting AI startups in scaling their innovations.

IndiaAI Innovation Centre (IAIC)

Supports Indian researchers, startups, and entrepreneurs in developing Indian Foundational Models, including Large Language Models (LLMs), Small Language Models (SLMs), and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs).

IndiaAI Mission: A Comprehensive AI Initiative

About

Launched in March 2024, the IndiaAI Mission is a multi-faceted initiative aimed at fostering AI research, development, and deployment in India.

Funding and Implementation

Implemented through a five-year public-private partnership model.
Spearheaded by ‘IndiaAI’ Independent Business Division under Digital India Corporation.

Key Objectives

Strengthening public-private partnerships to accelerate AI research & development.
Deploying over 10,000 GPUs to enable high-performance AI computing.
Establishing AI supercomputing facilities, such as AIRAWAT at C-DAC, Pune.
Ensuring ethical AI practices, data transparency, and accessibility.

Over the next five years, the IndiaAI Mission will drive strategic AI initiatives, advancing India’s position as a global AI hub.

Conclusion

The launch of AIKosha, the AI Compute Portal, and other IndiaAI initiatives represents a transformative step toward democratizing AI access, fostering cutting-edge research, and enhancing India’s AI leadership on the global stage.

The event brought together government officials, researchers, industry leaders, and startups, fostering collaboration to build an AI-powered future for India

Consider the following statements regarding AIKosha under the IndiaAI Mission:

AIKosha serves as an AI research repository offering over 300 datasets and 80+ AI models.
It includes an AI sandbox environment integrated with development tools and tutorials.
AIKosha exclusively provides datasets sourced from private enterprises.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3

Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

Explanation: AIKosha provides datasets from various sources including Census data, satellite imagery, and environmental data. It is not limited to private enterprises. Hence, Statement 3 is incorrect.

NITI Aayog Report on Quantum Computing

Syllabus: GS3/ Science and Technology

Context

NITI Aayog’s Frontier Tech Hub (NITI-FTH) underscores the strategic importance of quantum computing in bolstering economic growth, national security, and global technological leadership.

Understanding Quantum Technology

Quantum technology is an emerging field that harnesses the principles of quantum mechanics to develop groundbreaking advancements in computation, communication, and sensing.

Quantum Mechanics: A fundamental branch of physics that governs the behavior of particles at the subatomic level, where classical laws cease to be applicable.

Quantum Computing: Utilizes quantum bits (qubits), which leverage the unique properties of:

Superposition – Qubits can exist in multiple states simultaneously.
Quantum Entanglement – A phenomenon where particles become instantaneously connected, regardless of distance.
Quantum Interference – The ability to control quantum states for computational precision.

Key Domains of Quantum Technologies

Quantum Communication: Ensures ultra-secure communication networks using quantum key distribution (QKD).

Quantum Simulation: Models highly complex quantum systems that classical computers struggle to replicate.
Quantum Computation: Outperforms classical computing in optimization, cryptography, and complex problem-solving.
Quantum Sensing & Metrology: Enhances precision measurements, crucial for defense, healthcare, and navigation.

National Quantum Mission (NQM)

Mission Overview

Launched by: PM-STIAC (Prime Minister’s Science, Technology, and Innovation Advisory Council)

Funding: ₹6003.65 Crore over 8 years

Objective: Foster a self-reliant, innovative quantum ecosystem in India

Core Strategy: Establish four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs):

Quantum Computing
Quantum Communication
Quantum Sensing & Metrology
Quantum Materials & Devices

Strategic Implications of Quantum Computing on National Security

Cybersecurity & Cryptography
Quantum computing threatens traditional encryption standards.
India must transition to Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) to safeguard sensitive information.

Intelligence & Espionage

Quantum decryption capabilities can crack conventional cryptographic protocols, enabling faster intelligence gathering.

Defense & Military Applications

Quantum AI will optimize missile guidance, autonomous warfare, and battlefield logistics.
Geopolitical Leverage
Quantum supremacy will define global technology norms, influencing international policy and defense alliances.

Key Recommendations for India’s Quantum Security Strategy PQC Transition Plan:

Risk-based migration roadmap for encryption security.
Accelerate Proof of Concepts (PoCs), testing, and certification.

Early Warning Mechanisms:

Leverage scientific intelligence to anticipate quantum breakthroughs.

Strategic Partnerships & Agreements:

Establish bilateral technology collaborations for rapid scalability.

Agile R&D Investments:

Flexible funding strategies to accommodate emerging quantum advancements.
Concluding Insights

India must adopt a multi-dimensional quantum security strategy, integrating:

Global collaborations for knowledge sharing
Strong domestic R&D to enhance innovation

With reference to Quantum Technology, consider the following statements:

Quantum computers use bits as their fundamental unit of computation.
Quantum entanglement allows instantaneous communication between particles, regardless of distance.
Quantum interference is essential for controlling quantum states to perform calculations.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3

Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only

Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect. Quantum computers use qubits, not classical bits.

Statement 2 is incorrect in the sense that quantum entanglement does not allow faster-than-light communication, but it does enable ultra-secure key distribution.

Statement 3 is correct. Quantum interference enhances computational accuracy in quantum systems.

SC on Misuse of CAMPA Funds

Syllabus: GS 3/Environment

The Supreme Court of India has directed the Chief Secretary of Uttarakhand to submit a response regarding allegations of misappropriation of Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA) funds.

Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA)

Legal Framework

Established under the Compensatory Afforestation Fund (CAF) Act, 2016, with rules notified in 2018.
The Act was enacted to ensure that forest loss due to diversion for non-forest purposes is compensated through afforestation and ecological restoration initiatives.

Fund Structure & Management

The Act mandates the establishment of two interest-bearing funds:

National Compensatory Afforestation Fund (National Fund):

Managed by the Central Government through National CAMPA.

State Compensatory Afforestation Fund (State Fund):

Managed by State Governments/Union Territories through State CAMPA.

Purpose of CAMPA Funds

Undertaking compensatory afforestation to replace diverted forest land.
Restoration of degraded forests to enhance ecosystem resilience.
Improvement of wildlife habitats for biodiversity conservation.
Strengthening of forest and ecological infrastructure to mitigate environmental degradation.
Research, capacity building, and monitoring of forest restoration efforts.

Fund Characteristics

The funds are non-lapsable, ensuring their availability beyond a single fiscal year.
They accrue interest at rates determined by the Central Government annually.

Consider the following statements regarding the Compensatory Afforestation Fund (CAF) Act, 2016:

It mandates the establishment of only one fund at the national level, managed by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC).
The funds under CAMPA can be used for both afforestation and non-forest infrastructure development.
The funds are non-lapsable and accrue interest at rates declared by the Central Government.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer: (c) 3 only

Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Act establishes two funds: National Fund and State Fund.

Statement 2 is incorrect. CAMPA funds cannot be used for non-forest purposes (e.g., road construction, buildings).

Statement 3 is correct. The funds do not lapse and accrue interest at rates notified by the Central Government.

Festival of Letters 2025

Syllabus :GS 1/Culture

In News

The Sahitya Akademi is organizing its annual Festival of Letters 2025 at Rabindra Bhavan, New Delhi.

Festival of Letters

Recognized as Asia’s largest literary festival, the event brings together approximately 700 writers from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds, representing over 50 languages.
The festival comprises over 100 sessions, fostering discussions on literary evolution, translation, and indigenous literary traditions.

Theme for 2025: “Indian Literary Traditions”

A National Seminar centered on this theme will be conducted during the last three days of the festival, featuring eminent literary scholars, philosophers, and authors.
The festival upholds inclusive representation, engaging Young Writers, Women Writers, Dalit Writers, North-East Writers, Tribal Writers, LGBTQ Writers & Poets to enrich discourse on contemporary and classical literary heritage.

Sahitya Academy

Historical & Administrative Framework

Established: 12 March 1954 by the Government of India.
Legal Status: Registered as a society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860.
Ministry Oversight: Functions as an autonomous body under the Ministry of Culture.
Headquarters: New Delhi.

Role & Functions

India’s premier literary institution, promoting literary dialogue, publication, and multilingual literary development.
The only institution that systematically conducts literary activities in 24 recognized Indian languages, including English.
Encourages translation, preservation, and dissemination of Indian literature to bridge linguistic barriers and enhance cultural exchange.

Consider the following statements regarding the Festival of Letters:

It is organized annually by the National Book Trust (NBT) of India.
The festival serves as Asia’s largest literary gathering, attracting authors from across the Indian subcontinent.
The 2025 theme focuses on ‘Indian Literary Traditions’, featuring a dedicated National Seminar.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3

Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only

Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Festival of Letters is organized by Sahitya Akademi, not the National Book Trust (NBT).
Statement 2 is correct. The festival is Asia’s largest literary event, featuring 700+ writers from 50+ languages.
Statement 3 is correct. The 2025 theme is ‘Indian Literary Traditions’, with a National Seminar dedicated to the topic.

Vitiligo

Syllabus: GS2/Health

Context

A recent study by Northwestern University has identified a natural compound derived from gut-friendly bacteria that may have potential in slowing down the progression of vitiligo.

Vitiligo: An Autoimmune Disorder

Definition:

Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of melanocytes (pigment-producing cells), leading to depigmented white patches on the skin.

Affected Areas:

Can occur anywhere on the body, with a higher prevalence in exposed areas like the face, hands, and extremities.

Types of Vitiligo

Non-Segmental Vitiligo (NSV):
The most common type.
Symmetric white patches appear on both sides of the body.
Can progress over time, affecting new areas.
Segmental Vitiligo (SV):
Unilateral—affects only one side or one area of the body.
Develops at an early age and progresses rapidly but stabilizes over time.

Universal Vitiligo (Rare Form):

Involves loss of pigmentation across the entire body.
Highly uncommon and difficult to treat.
Epidemiology of Vitiligo in India
The prevalence of vitiligo in India varies from 25% to 4% in the general population.

In some regions like Gujarat and Rajasthan, the prevalence has been recorded as high as 8.8% (Indian Dermatology Online Journal).

Treatment Approaches

Topical Therapy: Corticosteroid creams, calcineurin inhibitors.
Phototherapy: Narrowband UVB light therapy.
Surgical Interventions: Skin grafting, melanocyte transplantation for severe cases.
Emerging Research: Gut-microbiome-based therapies may play a role in modulating immune responses and slowing vitiligo progression.

Consider the following statements regarding Vitiligo:

Vitiligo is an infectious skin disorder caused by microbial pathogens.
It results from autoimmune destruction of melanocytes, leading to loss of skin pigmentation.
The condition affects only sun-exposed areas and cannot appear on covered parts of the body.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 only
2 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

Answer: (b) 2 only

Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect. Vitiligo is not an infectious disease; it is an autoimmune condition where the immune system targets melanocytes.

Statement 2 is correct. The disorder leads to loss of skin pigmentation due to melanocyte destruction.

Statement 3 is incorrect. Vitiligo can appear anywhere on the body, not just sun-exposed areas.

Golden Dome

Syllabus: GS3/ Defence

Context:

The “Golden Dome” is an advanced missile defense system announced by former U.S. President Donald Trump during his address to Congress. The system is designed to offer comprehensive protection against a wide range of missile threats.

Golden Dome Missile Defense System: An Overview

Origins & Inspiration

Inspired by Israel’s Iron Dome, which specializes in short-range rocket interception.
However, the Golden Dome aims to provide a much broader missile defense capability covering an entire nation.

Strategic Objectives

To establish a nationwide missile shield capable of intercepting:
Ballistic Missiles (including ICBMs).
Hypersonic Missiles (which travel at speeds exceeding Mach 5).
Cruise Missiles (low-altitude, maneuverable threats).

Key Components

Space-based sensors for early threat detection and tracking.
Advanced interceptors to neutralize missiles mid-flight before impact.
Multi-layered defense architecture, integrating:
Ground-based radars & interceptor missiles.
Naval defense systems (Aegis-like platforms).
Space-based assets for real-time tracking & interception.

Significance in Modern Warfare

Counters emerging missile threats from adversarial states.
Aims to provide unparalleled security against next-generation hypersonic weapons.
Enhances deterrence capabilities in strategic military planning.

With reference to the “Golden Dome” missile defense system, consider the following statements:

It is modeled after Israel’s Iron Dome but designed for a nationwide missile defense
It primarily focuses on countering short-range rockets rather than advanced missile threats.
The system incorporates space-based sensors for early missile detection and tracking.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 3 only

(b) 1 and 2 only

(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer: (a) 1 and 3 only

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct. The Golden Dome draws inspiration from Israel’s Iron Dome, but it is a nationwide defense system rather than being limited to short-range threats.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Unlike the Iron Dome, which mainly targets short-range rockets, the Golden Dome is designed to counter ballistic, hypersonic, and cruise missiles.

Statement 3 is correct. The system employs space-based sensors for early detection and tracking of missile threats.

Central Industrial Security Force

Syllabus: GS3/Security agencies in India
Context:

The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) is set to recruit between 15,000 and 20,000 personnel annually in the coming years to enhance its operational capacity and ensure robust security for India’s strategic establishments.

Central Industrial Security Force (CISF): Overview

Establishment & Legal Framework

Founded: 1969
Governing Legislation: Central Industrial Security Force Act, 1968
Ministry: Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)
Leadership: Headed by a Director General (DG)
CISF Raising Day: Observed annually on March 10

Mandate & Operational Role

Security of strategic government installations, including:
Department of Space & Atomic Energy
Airports & Delhi Metro
Seaports & Industrial hubs
Oil, Natural Gas, Electricity, Steel & Coal Sectors
Protection of iconic heritage sites (e.g., Taj Mahal, Red Fort).
Counter-terrorism & critical infrastructure protection.
Providing security for VIPs under Z+, Z, X, and Y categories.
Consultancy services to both government & private sector enterprises for security management.

Paramilitary Forces: Structure & Distinctions

Definition & Characteristics

Paramilitary forces are semi-militarized units with training, tactics, and structure resembling the military.
Unlike the armed forces (Army, Navy, Air Force), paramilitary forces primarily handle internal security & law enforcement.

India’s Oldest Paramilitary Force

Assam Rifles, raised in 1835, is the oldest paramilitary force in India.

Consider the following statements regarding the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF):

It was established under the Central Industrial Security Force Act, 1968.
The CISF provides security to only government-owned enterprises and does not extend its services to the private sector.
The force operates under the Ministry of Defence (MoD).

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 2 only

(d) 1, 2, and 3

Answer: (a) 1 only

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct. The CISF was established in 1969 under the CISF Act, 1968.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The CISF also provides security consultancy services to private enterprises, apart from safeguarding government infrastructure.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The CISF operates under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), not the Ministry of Defence (MoD).